Promoting Health Equity Through School Meal Programs in Canada: A Comparative Analysis of South Korea and United States Approaches

Abstract

This paper explores how Canada’s newly implemented national school meal program can benefit from the valuable lessons offered by school meal programs in South Korea and the United States, which promote health equity. South Korea’s universal approach ensures that all students receive free, nutritious meals, significantly reducing health disparities and fostering an inclusive environment. The U.S. program is selective but has introduced initiatives like the Community Eligibility Provision to reduce stigma and increase accessibility. The analysis, framed by the Getting to Equity framework, highlights the importance of universal access, reducing barriers to participation, enhancing social and economic resources, and building community capacity as key strategies for promoting health equity. These strategies extend beyond mere nutrition, addressing broader social determinants of health and ensuring that school meal programs contribute to the well-being and development of all children. This paper provides targeted recommendations for Canada, emphasizing the need for a universal school meal program, robust nutritional standards, and inclusive policies that address diverse dietary needs. By adopting these strategies, Canada can effectively combat child food insecurity, enhance health equity, and contribute to long-term educational and socioeconomic outcomes.