Naming our gifts and challenges: a collaborative exploration of definitions of ability and disability

Abstract

The competence of individuals who have a developmental disability has been historically shaped by perceptions of incompetence and ineptitude. As a result, deficit-based terminology has been adopted into both the professional and everyday language used to describe individuals with a developmental disability. The objective of this study was to generate personal definitions and shared understandings of 'ability' and 'disability' from individuals who have a developmental disability. Nine adults collaboratively explored their definitions in four focus group discussions. Group discussions were audio-taped, transcribed and "main ideas" were synthesized and reviewed. Participants described that using personally relevant definitions of disability, exploring non-assumptive language preferences, and incorporating opportunities to stand up and speak up are ways researchers and helping professionals can support individuals with developmental disabilities. This study urges those that work alongside individuals who have a developmental disability to consider collaborative, flexible and creative approaches into their practices.