The cisplatin/serum albumin system: A reappraisal

Abstract

Since the first approval of cisplatin for cancer treatment in 1978, a lot of attempts have been carried out to characterize in detail its interactions with serum albumin, by far the most important and most abundant plasma protein. The state of the art of those studies was recapitulated by Keppler and coworkers in a comprehensive review article which appeared in Chem. Rev. in 2006. Yet, the general picture was still rather incomplete at that time due to the lack of conclusive structural data. We report here on the main achievements obtained on this system in the period 2006–2018 and try to describe what is now clearly ascertained and what are the still open issues. Remarkably, a detailed structural characterization of this metallodrug/protein system was recently gained thanks to the resolution of the crystal structure of a cisplatin/serum albumin adduct; crystallographic results are nicely complemented by independent MS data. Accordingly, detailed information is obtained on the number and the location of the platinum binding sites. In turn, metallomics investigations permitted to monitor platination of this serum protein in real blood samples. Thus, a rather complete molecular description of the system could be achieved. Conversely, the biological and pharmacological profiles of platinum drugs/serum albumin adducts were drafted in a couple of specific studies; however the results on theses issue are in our opinion still preliminary and controversial and more studies are needed, aimed in particular at establishing clear correlations between the nature of the various platinum/serum albumin derivatives and their biological actions. In any case, the relevance and the impact of cisplatin/serum albumin adducts are herein highlighted and future perspectives briefly depicted.